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:heavy_check_mark: Mo Tree(木上のMo) (other/mo-tree.hpp)

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Code

#include "../graph/graph-template.hpp"
#include "../graph/tree/offline-lca.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Mo Tree(木上のMo)
 **/
template <typename T = int>
struct MoTree : Graph<T> {
  using Graph<T>::Graph;
  using Graph<T>::g;
  vector<int> in, vs;
  vector<pair<int, int> > qs;

 public:
  void add(int l, int r) { /* [l, r) */ qs.emplace_back(l, r); }

 private:
  void dfs(int u, int p) {
    in[u] = (int)vs.size();
    vs.emplace_back(u);
    for (auto &v : g[u]) {
      if (v != p) {
        dfs(v, u);
        vs.emplace_back(v);
      }
    }
  }

 public:
  template <typename A, typename E, typename O>
  void build(const A &add, const E &erase, const O &out) {
    int n = (int)g.size() * 2 - 1;
    vs.reserve(n);
    in.resize(g.size());
    dfs(0, -1);
    vector<pair<int, int> > lr;
    lr.reserve(qs.size());
    auto lca = offline_lca(*this, qs);
    for (auto &[l, r] : qs) {
      lr.emplace_back(minmax(in[l] + 1, in[r] + 1));
    }
    int q = (int)lr.size();
    int bs = n / min<int>(n, sqrt(q));
    vector<int> ord(q);
    iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0);
    sort(begin(ord), end(ord), [&](int a, int b) {
      int ablock = lr[a].first / bs, bblock = lr[b].first / bs;
      if (ablock != bblock) return ablock < bblock;
      return (ablock & 1) ? lr[a].second > lr[b].second
                          : lr[a].second < lr[b].second;
    });
    int l = 0, r = 0;
    vector<int> flip(g.size());
    auto f = [&](int u) {
      flip[u] ^= 1;
      if (flip[u])
        add(u);
      else
        erase(u);
    };
    for (auto &idx : ord) {
      while (l > lr[idx].first) f(vs[--l]);
      while (r < lr[idx].second) f(vs[r++]);
      while (l < lr[idx].first) f(vs[l++]);
      while (r > lr[idx].second) f(vs[--r]);
      f(lca[idx]);
      out(idx);
      f(lca[idx]);
    }
  }
};

#line 2 "graph/graph-template.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Graph Template(グラフテンプレート)
 */
template <typename T = int>
struct Edge {
  int from, to;
  T cost;
  int idx;

  Edge() = default;

  Edge(int from, int to, T cost = 1, int idx = -1)
      : from(from), to(to), cost(cost), idx(idx) {}

  operator int() const { return to; }
};

template <typename T = int>
struct Graph {
  vector<vector<Edge<T> > > g;
  int es;

  Graph() = default;

  explicit Graph(int n) : g(n), es(0) {}

  size_t size() const { return g.size(); }

  void add_directed_edge(int from, int to, T cost = 1) {
    g[from].emplace_back(from, to, cost, es++);
  }

  void add_edge(int from, int to, T cost = 1) {
    g[from].emplace_back(from, to, cost, es);
    g[to].emplace_back(to, from, cost, es++);
  }

  void read(int M, int padding = -1, bool weighted = false,
            bool directed = false) {
    for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
      int a, b;
      cin >> a >> b;
      a += padding;
      b += padding;
      T c = T(1);
      if (weighted) cin >> c;
      if (directed)
        add_directed_edge(a, b, c);
      else
        add_edge(a, b, c);
    }
  }

  inline vector<Edge<T> > &operator[](const int &k) { return g[k]; }

  inline const vector<Edge<T> > &operator[](const int &k) const { return g[k]; }
};

template <typename T = int>
using Edges = vector<Edge<T> >;
#line 2 "structure/union-find/union-find.hpp"

struct UnionFind {
  vector<int> data;

  UnionFind() = default;

  explicit UnionFind(size_t sz) : data(sz, -1) {}

  bool unite(int x, int y) {
    x = find(x), y = find(y);
    if (x == y) return false;
    if (data[x] > data[y]) swap(x, y);
    data[x] += data[y];
    data[y] = x;
    return true;
  }

  int find(int k) {
    if (data[k] < 0) return (k);
    return data[k] = find(data[k]);
  }

  int size(int k) { return -data[find(k)]; }

  bool same(int x, int y) { return find(x) == find(y); }

  vector<vector<int> > groups() {
    int n = (int)data.size();
    vector<vector<int> > ret(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      ret[find(i)].emplace_back(i);
    }
    ret.erase(remove_if(begin(ret), end(ret),
                        [&](const vector<int> &v) { return v.empty(); }),
              end(ret));
    return ret;
  }
};
#line 3 "graph/tree/offline-lca.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Offline LCA(オフライン最小共通祖先)
 **/
template <typename T>
vector<int> offline_lca(const Graph<T> &g, vector<pair<int, int> > &qs,
                        int root = 0) {
  int n = (int)g.size();
  UnionFind uf(n);
  vector<int> st(n), mark(n), ptr(n), ans(qs.size(), -1);
  int top = 0;
  st[top] = root;
  for (auto &[l, r] : qs) mark[l]++, mark[r]++;
  vector<vector<pair<int, int> > > q(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    q[i].reserve(mark[i]);
    mark[i] = -1;
    ptr[i] = (int)g[i].size();
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < qs.size(); i++) {
    q[qs[i].first].emplace_back(qs[i].second, i);
    q[qs[i].second].emplace_back(qs[i].first, i);
  }
  auto run = [&](int u) -> bool {
    while (ptr[u]) {
      int v = g[u][--ptr[u]];
      if (mark[v] == -1) {
        st[++top] = v;
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  };
  while (~top) {
    int u = st[top];
    if (mark[u] == -1) {
      mark[u] = u;
    } else {
      uf.unite(u, g[u][ptr[u]]);
      mark[uf.find(u)] = u;
    }
    if (not run(u)) {
      for (auto &[v, i] : q[u]) {
        if (~mark[v] and ans[i] == -1) {
          ans[i] = mark[uf.find(v)];
        }
      }
      --top;
    }
  }
  return ans;
}
#line 3 "other/mo-tree.hpp"

/**
 * @brief Mo Tree(木上のMo)
 **/
template <typename T = int>
struct MoTree : Graph<T> {
  using Graph<T>::Graph;
  using Graph<T>::g;
  vector<int> in, vs;
  vector<pair<int, int> > qs;

 public:
  void add(int l, int r) { /* [l, r) */ qs.emplace_back(l, r); }

 private:
  void dfs(int u, int p) {
    in[u] = (int)vs.size();
    vs.emplace_back(u);
    for (auto &v : g[u]) {
      if (v != p) {
        dfs(v, u);
        vs.emplace_back(v);
      }
    }
  }

 public:
  template <typename A, typename E, typename O>
  void build(const A &add, const E &erase, const O &out) {
    int n = (int)g.size() * 2 - 1;
    vs.reserve(n);
    in.resize(g.size());
    dfs(0, -1);
    vector<pair<int, int> > lr;
    lr.reserve(qs.size());
    auto lca = offline_lca(*this, qs);
    for (auto &[l, r] : qs) {
      lr.emplace_back(minmax(in[l] + 1, in[r] + 1));
    }
    int q = (int)lr.size();
    int bs = n / min<int>(n, sqrt(q));
    vector<int> ord(q);
    iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0);
    sort(begin(ord), end(ord), [&](int a, int b) {
      int ablock = lr[a].first / bs, bblock = lr[b].first / bs;
      if (ablock != bblock) return ablock < bblock;
      return (ablock & 1) ? lr[a].second > lr[b].second
                          : lr[a].second < lr[b].second;
    });
    int l = 0, r = 0;
    vector<int> flip(g.size());
    auto f = [&](int u) {
      flip[u] ^= 1;
      if (flip[u])
        add(u);
      else
        erase(u);
    };
    for (auto &idx : ord) {
      while (l > lr[idx].first) f(vs[--l]);
      while (r < lr[idx].second) f(vs[r++]);
      while (l < lr[idx].first) f(vs[l++]);
      while (r > lr[idx].second) f(vs[--r]);
      f(lca[idx]);
      out(idx);
      f(lca[idx]);
    }
  }
};
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